Frigg: Soft-linking energy system and demand response models

Flexible and responsive demand is key to the decarbonising of energy systems. In this paper, an economic dispatch model a district heating system, modelled as linear program, soft-linked so-called flexibility function end-consumer responses time-varying heat prices, generically set ordinary differential equations. This linkage allows us determine cost savings potential response in order quantify its role smart Our contribution optimal soft-linking framework for system models, named Frigg. Frigg finds aforementioned under consideration behaviour. The dynamics behaviour lead significant problem complexity pose computational challenges. Hence, proposed method decomposes based on backward dynamic programming solves it efficiently. be understood generic blue-print models: It can applied variety systems sources well other objectives than production minimisation. We compute case study Ejby, Denmark, different degrees flexibility. results are compared with alternative investing storage suggest substantial through response. Nevertheless, from that cost-optimal size exceed those achieved configurations analysed.